Montluisant and Reffye at Meudon, that is to say, one in
which the force of the powder is made to act upon a lead cylinder fixed
in a conical channel. Mr. Desortiaux objects that in this system, when
it is employed with charges for cannons, the action has already begun
when only a portion of the powder is burned. To this, Mr. Guttman
responds that his apparatus operates only with small charges (300
grains), which practically inflame simultaneously in every part when the
igniting is done in a closed space. In order that the force may not be
made to act in one direction only, the inventor uses two leaden
cylinders. His apparatus is shown in the accompanying Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
It consists of a median piece, a, and of two heads, b, of an external
diameter of four inches. These pieces are of tempered Bessemer steel.
The two heads are four inches in length, one inch of which is provided
with a screw thread. Each of them contains an aperture, c, 1.34 inches
wide below, 1.3 inches wide above, and 1.18 inches deep. This aperture
is followed by another and conical one, d, 1.38 inches deep, and 0.4
inch wide at its narrowest end, and finally by another one, e, 0.4 inch
wide, which runs to the exterior. The median piece, a, is 4 inches long.
It is provided at the two sides with nuts, between which there is a
cylindrical space, f, 1.
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