of the adult Negroes had the
rudiments of education in 1860, but the proportion was much less than
it was near the close of the era of better beginnings about 1825.
[Footnote 1: Arfwedson, _The United States and Canada_, p. 331.]
[Footnote 2: See their pamphlets, addresses, and books referred to
elsewhere.]
[Footnote 3: Jones, _Religious Instruction of Negroes_, p. 115.]
[Footnote 4: Redpath, _The Roving Editor_, p. 161.]
[Footnote 5: Adams, _South-Side View of Slavery_, pp. 52 and 59.]
[Footnote 6: Dresser, _The Narrative of Amos Dresser_, p. 27; Dabney,
_Journal of a Tour through the United States and Canada_, p. 185.]
[Footnote 7: Parsons, _Inside View of Slavery_, p. 248.]
CHAPTER X
EDUCATING NEGROES TRANSPLANTED TO FREE SOIL
While the Negroes of the South were struggling against odds to acquire
knowledge, the more ambitious ones were for various reasons making
their way to centers of light in the North. Many fugitive slaves
dreaded being sold to planters of the lower South, the free blacks of
some of the commonwealths were forced out by hostile legislation,
and not a few others migrated to ameliorate their condition.
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